利用衔接关系巧解阅读理解“七选五”

作者简介：赵浪，中共党员，昭一中优秀教师。参加工作以来，获市级和校级多次奖励。在第十五届全国初中英语教师基本功大赛中论文评比荣获三等奖；曾参与编写《广东中考大考卷》系列丛书、广东人民出版社发行的《名师指津》（爱疯英语）2021年高效备考新模式、《课课击破》选择性必修一、选择性必修四同步指导用书，连续多次被评为年度优秀编委。

一、考查意图

根据英语课程标准的要求，此题型旨在考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。换言之，学生在解题过程中需做到语篇语意连贯、语言形式一致。

二、解题策略

“七选五”解题的关键：衔接手段（词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接）

（一）词汇衔接：主要是指词汇复现和代词衔接。

词汇复现：复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。

代词衔接：英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题，如：it、they、this、these等。

高考链接：

例①（2020全国卷Ⅱ）Keep track of how you are feeling

38 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状)and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.

C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.

D. Before your doctor's visit， keep notes on how you are feeling.

解析：观察选项，选项D中的“how you are feeling”与小标题中的“how you are feeling”属于原词复现。将答案代入原文，前后语义衔接紧密，故选D项。

例②（2020全国卷Ⅱ）

Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.____40____Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question，ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.

A. This will make getting answers easier.

B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.

C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.

D. Before your doctor's visit，keep notes on how you are feeling.

解析：本段信息的主题词是“questions”，问题肯定和“answers”相联系。再由“To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. ”可知，将问题写下来并将问题清单带给医生，这样(this)做能更容易地得到答案，和上一句构成因果关系。故选A项。此题是根据代词衔接解题。

（二）逻辑衔接

逻辑衔接：根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题，如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。

例③（2021全国乙卷)

If you can’t take their wine away，you should certainly try to take away their

soapbox（讲台）. If you’re the host，you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something

and just remove them from the situation     39     .

E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say

F.What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking

G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most

解析：本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。根据上文“如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景）” E 项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题）”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E 项。

小结：逻辑衔接常常包括以下4种关系

1.并列关系。关联词：and、also、first、second、third；for one thing、for another thing；some、others、still others……

2.转折关系。常见关联词：however、yet、but、although、on the contrary……

3.解释关系。常见关联词：in other words、that is to say、namely……

4.因果关系。常见关联词：because、for、so、therefore、thus、as a result……

（三）结构衔接

根据设空位置确定不同的解题策略：

标题句：短小精悍。线索词：多为名词性短语、祈使句。

段首句：段落主题句（段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句）；段落间的过渡句（前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来）。

段末句：结论概括句（结合前文内容，查找相同词、同义词或其他相关的信息词，从而最终概括出结论句）；承上启下句（结合本段内容认真阅读下一段开头句，看是否与选项句紧密联系起来，以此判断是否是承上启下句）。

例④标题句（2020全国新高考Ⅱ卷)

●      39       

Your medical history is a list of your illnesses，treatments，what the doctors told you to do，and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also，if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines，be sure to mention that to your doctor.

●Ask questions.

Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.

D. Before your doctor's visit， keep notes on how you are feeling.

E. Remember，your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.

F. Bring your medical history，including a list of your current medicines.

解析：本段的主题词是 “medical history”，故选F项作为小标题。

作者：赵 浪